2017 Finals: Ladder Up

Description
This workbook is taken from the Second Round of the 2017 Modeloff financial modeling world chamionships.

Follow the instructions in order to complete the model:

Being the keen football (soccer) fan that you are, you were excited to learn that in the 2016/17 season
there was a football league played between 20 cities of the ancient Byzantine Empire. The format was a
double round-robin with each team playing all other teams twice, once at home and once away, for a total
of 38 games per team

The winner of each game is the team that scores the most goals. If the score is tied, the game is a draw.
Your task is to build a model of the league ladder, but this model will need to be flexible to answer all of
the questions.

For each game, teams receive 3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw and 0 points for a loss. Teams
are ranked on the ladder according to the following criteria, in this order:

1) Highest number of points
2) For teams on equal points, rank by highest goal difference (total goals scored less total goals
conceded)
3) For teams on equal points and goal difference, rank by highest total goals scored
4) If two or more teams are still equal after (3), rank those teams equally, but list the equally ranked
teams in alphabetical order. (For avoidance of doubt, if M teams are equally ranked in position N, the
next best team will have rank N+M, not rank N+1.)

Questions 1 to 7 are based on the complete data set, with no filtering required.
Questions 8 to 19 may require you to compile a ladder assuming that some goals and/or some games have been filtered out of the data. After answering each question, remove the effects of any filtering before proceeding to the next question.

Allotted time: 80 minutes

Once finished, feel free to upload your model to your own dedicated author channel!